India bid farewell to one of its most respected and influential statesmen, Dr. Manmohan Singh, who passed away at the age of 92 on Thursday. The former Prime Minister, who was instrumental in shaping India’s economic policies and governance over decades, was brought to the emergency department of AIIMS Delhi in critical condition on Thursday evening. Despite intensive efforts to revive him, Dr. Singh was declared deceased at 9:51 PM, marking the end of an era of visionary leadership and transformative reforms.
Early Life and Rise to Prominence
Born in 1932 in Gah, now part of Pakistan, Dr. Singh’s journey was one of remarkable perseverance and achievement. From modest beginnings, he rose to become one of the most influential figures in India’s history. His academic brilliance was evident early on as he pursued higher education in economics, eventually earning a doctorate from Oxford University. This strong academic foundation enabled him to transition seamlessly into public service, first as an economist and later as a policymaker and leader.
The Architect of Economic Liberalization
Dr. Singh’s tenure as Finance Minister in the early 1990s under Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao was a turning point in India’s economic trajectory. Faced with a severe financial crisis, he spearheaded a series of bold economic reforms that dismantled decades of protectionist policies. These measures included the removal of trade barriers, deregulation of industries, and opening up the economy to foreign investments, effectively steering India towards globalization. These reforms laid the groundwork for India to emerge as one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, a legacy that continues to shape the nation’s progress.
Leadership as Prime Minister
Dr. Singh’s role as India’s Prime Minister from 2004 to 2014 further solidified his reputation as a transformative leader. Despite leading a coalition government, he implemented several landmark policies focused on inclusive growth and social welfare. Key initiatives during his tenure included the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), the Right to Information Act, and the expansion of rural electrification and healthcare services. His administration also emphasized infrastructure development, poverty alleviation, and education reforms.
One of his most notable achievements on the global stage was the signing of the India-US Civil Nuclear Agreement, which ended India’s nuclear isolation and reinforced its status as a key player in international diplomacy. Dr. Singh’s leadership during the 2008 global financial crisis was equally commendable, as his prudent economic policies shielded the Indian economy from severe shocks, ensuring stability and growth.
Challenges and Criticism
While Dr. Singh’s first term as Prime Minister witnessed significant economic growth, averaging 6.7% annually, his second term (2009–2014) was marred by challenges. High inflation, perceptions of corruption, and a slowdown in bureaucratic decision-making led to what critics termed as “policy paralysis.” Additionally, his quiet and non-confrontational leadership style was sometimes interpreted as a lack of assertiveness, a point often highlighted by his political opponents. Despite these criticisms, Dr. Singh remained a figure of integrity, with his scholarly approach and deep understanding of governance earning widespread respect.
Tributes Pour In
Dr. Singh’s passing has evoked a profound sense of loss across the nation. Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed his condolences, recalling their regular interactions when Dr. Singh was PM and Modi was the Chief Minister of Gujarat. Modi praised Singh’s wisdom and humility, emphasizing the indelible mark he left on the nation. Congress leader Rahul Gandhi referred to Singh as a mentor and guide, highlighting his deep understanding of economics and unwavering integrity. Priyanka Gandhi Vadra echoed these sentiments, describing him as a dignified and courageous leader who remained steadfast in his values.
Former Finance Minister P. Chidambaram, who worked closely with Dr. Singh, described his passing as a deeply emotional moment. He credited Singh’s policies for creating India’s modern middle class and remarked on his humility and self-effacing nature. Shashi Tharoor, another senior Congress leader, noted that Dr. Singh’s contributions to India’s economic and social progress were unparalleled, hailing him as a visionary leader.
A Legacy of Reforms and Resilience
Dr. Manmohan Singh’s leadership style was characterized by quiet determination, intellectual depth, and a commitment to democratic values. His vision and actions have left an enduring legacy, transforming India into a globally recognized economic power while upholding the principles of inclusivity and social justice. Tributes from political leaders, economists, and citizens alike reflect the immense impact he had on India’s governance and development.
Funeral and National Mourning
In honor of Dr. Singh’s contributions, the government has announced a seven-day national mourning period. All official programs scheduled for Friday have been canceled, and a Union Cabinet meeting will be held to pay tribute to the late leader. His last rites will be conducted with full state honors, signifying the profound respect he commanded across the nation.
As India mourns the loss of a towering figure in its political and economic history, Dr. Singh’s contributions serve as a reminder of the power of vision, perseverance, and integrity in shaping a nation. His legacy will continue to inspire generations to come.
